2021年4月14日星期三

從查冊中學會的事

 
別人不告訴你的,才是最重要。從查冊中學會的事: 

(一)經常代表公司接受傳媒訪問的那一位,未必是真正的話事人。他或她可以是持股量很低(少於 10%)的高級打工仔,甚至是一股也沒有的代言人(例如:藝人或 KOL,老闆的情婦情夫)。那些充滿正能量或文青腔的訪問,是用來轉移視線的,背後可能牽涉主流傳媒跟商業機構之間的利益交換(例如:廣告換訪問)。對,傳媒協助造假,訪問內容無須認真。外國人的說法:Bullshit without proof. Fake success stories.

(二)經常捐款給大學、體育、藝術或慈善團體的名字,原來只是象徵式地持有一股,公司的 99% 股份由一間(或多間)離岸公司所持有(或分攤),即是幕後老闆另有其人。幕前的那一位不過是人頭,難怪娛樂圈的美女經常嫁給空心老倌,婚後不久男人就出事(入獄或破產),美女生完孩子之後離婚復出賺錢,還要被八卦傳媒形容為剋夫」,嗚呼。

(三)被教育或文化或宗教團體奉為創辦人或精神領袖的名字,原來只是象徵式地持有一股,即是借出身份的人。跟他有關連的非牟利團體,每個都有不同的股東名單或股權結構,而他是唯一的共通點,情況有點似中式酒樓。而那些非牟利團體的成立日期跟次序,跟某人在訪問中所說的也有明顯的出入。如果是宗教團體的話,信徒的捐款最後落入甚麼人的手中,自己想。

(四)如果公司的絕大部份股份由離岸公司持有,即是線索中斷,除非再來一次天堂地獄外太空文件洩漏(提示:ICIJ + Panama Papers),否則難以知道背後是甚麼人。更絕的玩法,是由多間離岸公司所組成的多層或環迴式控股結構,作用:隱藏大股東身份+誤導監管機構+通過盡職審查 (Due diligence)。離岸公司不一定是百慕達註冊,也可以是非洲或南歐。

(五)在周年申報表上見到用漢語拼音的大陸人名字,通訊地址在外國,人頭?在查冊中心也見過大陸女人呼喝公務員或高聲講電話,似乎是某人的跑腿,正在向主子匯報。在香港註冊的公司當中,有幾多由大陸人操控,自己想。至於太子黨,他們應該懂得開離岸公司。得罪講句,大陸人也分等級。是否因為部份紅色背景的大陸人稍後要出任公職(例如:加入選舉委員會或成為立法會議員),於是要封殺查冊這個常用的起底途徑,自己想。

(六)查冊是追討欠薪的打工仔女的常用方法。在查冊中心遇過幾位憑外表推測應該是建築工人的中年男人,正在低頭翻閱文件,其中一位抬頭說:「雞腸,唔係好識!」(讀不懂英文)然後他的無奈表情和求助眼神掠過面前的眼鏡娘(Auntie),正想挺身而出協助基層工友解讀文件,他們的大哥回來了,高聲說:「有料到!」(有發現)幾個男人立即跟隨大哥離開。我的猜測:他們兵分兩路,一隊去公司註冊處,另一隊去田土廳,後者找到債主的經常居住地址,之後發生的事不難想像。香港的勞工保障有甚麼問題,跟權力體制有甚麼關係,自己想。

結論:見識過這些事情,你會明白現有的監管制度存在很多的漏洞,在香港打工和做生意非常不容易即使是透過查冊找到某人的名字和完整的身份證編號,還是距離真相很遠。如果把查冊的結果進一步收窄至身份證的頭三位或四位數字,以及禁止某個行業的人(傳媒+記者)查冊,即是透明度開倒車,結果只會是方便壞人,令企業管治水平下降,也會影響正常商業活動(例如:物業買賣+收購合併)。難怪國際傳媒和外國人社群負評如潮:It's a setback in CG (Corporate Governance) practices. A strange evolution for CG to suggest that less transparency is a good thing. This is absurd for a place which has traditionally touted itself as one of the safest places in Asia to do business. Investors beware. This is going to be a dream-ticket for money launderers and fraudsters.(來源:LinkedIn

香港騙子多,快點回火星。金融中心?不要再提。

插圖來源:互聯網

延伸閱讀/參考資料:

Hong Kong journalist’s public records search should not be considered illegal, court told

SCMP (Mar 24, 2021)

Nadia Lam

https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3126801/hong-kong-journalists-public-records-search-should-not

Extract: RTHK reporter Bao Choy being prosecuted after accessing driver’s information on Hong Kong government database. Information was for television documentary on Yuen Long attack in 2019. A journalist’s search for a car owner’s registration information in a public register should be considered legal and not regarded as making a false declaration, a Hong Kong court heard on Wednesday. But prosecutors at West Kowloon Court said Bao Choy Yuk-ling, who co-produced an episode of the RTHK television show Hong Kong Connection about the Yuen Long attack in 2019, knowingly made false statements by arguing she only intended to use the information for reporting purposes, and not for anything transport related.

記協指調查報道掲發濫權及不公 指林鄭月娥說法誤導

RTHK 2021-03-30

https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1583454-20210330.htm

節錄:行政長官林鄭月娥出席行政會議前,回應當局建議,容許公司不讓公眾查閱董事通常住址、董事及公司秘書的完整身分識別號碼時,表示別人看不到的東西,記者看到就視之為特權,看不到記者為何有特權。記協發表聲明,指林鄭月娥的回應極為誤導,重申記者從來沒有要求享有特權,新聞工作者進行調查報道掲發濫權及不公,是保障公眾利益,查冊是沿用已久的查證手法。

許正宇稱不容許個人資料被「武器化」 沒有人可有特權

RTHK 2021-04-04

https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1584149-20210404.htm

節錄:財經事務及庫務局局長許正宇,在網上專欄就建議的新查冊安排撰文,指出不能再容許個人資料被「武器化」,傷害被「起底」的人士。在新安排實施後,所有查冊人士將可繼續取覽公司登記冊上的公司董事資料,包括取代董事個人住址的通訊地址,以及部分身份識別號碼;其他現時可查閱的資料仍然可供查閱,相信連同董事的姓名及公司名稱,已足夠辨認董事身份,傳媒亦可繼續以填報目前第 7 項作查冊目的。許正宇提到,新查冊安排下,公司小股東可透過申請取得完整受保護資料,金融機構及專業團體可以繼續透過現行機制取得董事資料。而對於要追討欠薪的僱員,在符合《公司條例》下,有充分利害關係的人士可以尋求法院頒令,取得公司登記冊內受保護的完整個人資料。

物業代理與律師憂收緊查冊難核實身份 買賣方或招損失

RTHK 2021-04-09

https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1584914-20210409.htm

節錄:政府早前提出公司查冊的新建議,包括在首階段,容許公司不讓公眾查閱董事通常住址、董事及公司秘書的完整身分識別號碼。有物業代理及執業律師都對收緊查冊表示憂慮,認為在物業交易過程中,難做到核實身份的工作,對各方都有風險,買賣雙方或租客有機會招至損失。房地產代理業聯會榮譽主席郭德亮在本台節目《千禧年代》表示,公司董事資料重要,業界日常工作,例如買賣物業會涉及公司交易,需要了解有關公司的情況。他指出,過往曾經發生假業主事件,擔心日後若不能查閱有關資料,對交易雙方欠缺保障,有一定風險。若涉及洗黑錢,會對買賣雙方或租客招至損失,也有機會違反地監局守則。希望政府三思,若要實施,也應將行業納入豁免之列。執業律師林志釉在同一節目表示,買賣過程可以交由律師樓負責核實身份,但律師樓掌握的資料跟地產代理不會有大分別,如果只能有限度查冊,很難做到核實工作,對各方都有風險。

Officials must rethink plan to deny access to Hong Kong’s Companies Registry

The proposal will damage city’s open environment for business and play into the hands of those with something to hide

SCMP Editorial (Apr 1, 2021)

https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3127857/officials-must-rethink-plan-deny-access-hong-kongs-companies

Extract: When the government attempted to restrict public access to the personal data of company directors in 2012 there was an outcry. Bankers, lawyers, journalists, accountants and lawmakers slammed the move, pointing out it would undermine the city’s reputation by reducing transparency and accountability. The proposal, included in the new Companies Ordinance, was shelved the following year in the face of such opposition. Now, the government plans to revive it. Much has changed in Hong Kong since 2013, but the arguments against restricting access to this important information are just as valid as they were then. Officials should think again.

A paper submitted by the government to the Legislative Council this week revealed the proposal to restrict access to the residential addresses and identity card numbers of company directors and officers. This “protected information” is currently accessible to members of the public through a search of the online Companies Registry. The government’s intention is that, in future, access will be limited to a relatively small group of “specified persons”, such as company members, liquidators or a public officer, who must apply. The justification for limiting access to this information is said to be “rising social concern over whether personal data contained in public registers are adequately protected”. The malicious posting of personal data became a problem during the civil unrest in Hong Kong in 2019, with police officers and their families prime targets. But a law to combat doxxing is already in the pipeline. The government needs to show compelling evidence that the Companies Registry is being abused if it is to even begin to make a case for limiting public access to it.

Access to the data is needed for legitimate purposes. Various professional sectors rely on it for due diligence and compliance checks. It is especially important for journalists, who need the information for investigative reports. These searches are made in the public interest. Many scandals, including those involving government officials, have been uncovered. Curbing access to the data will damage Hong Kong’s open environment for business and play into the hands of those with something to hide.

Hong Kong set to allow corporate directors to obscure their identity

Proposal is latest challenge to transparency in financial hub

Financial Times (March 30, 2021)

Primrose Riordan, Nicolle Liu and Tabby Kinder

https://www.ft.com/content/7faeb2fe-44e7-468b-9ef1-05def97245ef

Extract: Hong Kong risks facilitating fraud and undermining its status as a transparent financial hub after authorities unveiled proposals that would allow company directors to obscure their identities, according to corporate governance experts and investors. Under the proposed rules, the Hong Kong government would not require companies to reveal home addresses, passport or identification numbers of their directors on public registers. Without this information, directors could use different versions of their name in different languages on a range of documents and entities. Companies can start implementing the changes immediately and the law will come into full effect by October 2022.

Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, said the proposal would prevent “doxing”, whereby the personal details of individuals are exposed online. Pro-Beijing groups have accused anti-government activists of using such tactics to attack authorities. But corporate governance experts and accountants sharply criticised the proposals. “It’s a very dark day for Hong Kong,” said Jane Moir, research director for Hong Kong at the Asian Corporate Governance Association, adding it would affect investors and banks attempting to conduct due diligence on a transaction or business partner. 

“The proposed law will facilitate corruption, fraud and other crimes,” said David Webb, a Hong Kong-based activist investor who campaigned against a similar change in the past. One big international asset manager was very worried. “We have serious concerns with the proposals,” the person said. “At a minimum it will substantially erode individual director accountability to shareholders and creditors. However, potentially more seriously it will increase the risk of fraud and corruption. The changes came as Chinese leaders revealed new details about reforms to Hong Kong’s electoral system, which will nullify opposition in the city and guarantee Beijing’s absolute control over results in the territory.

Hong Kong Is Giving Itself Another Identity Crisis

Plans to restrict information on company directors will be an invitation to fraud and undermine the city's status as a financial center.

Bloomberg Opinion (2021-04-07)

Matthew Brooker

https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-04-06/hong-kong-puts-corporate-governance-at-risk-with-a-new-proposal?sref=jR90f8Ni

Extract: The Hong Kong government’s proposal to let directors obscure their identities on the companies register is a retrograde step that will facilitate fraud and corruption. Don’t take a journalist’s word for it. Don’t listen to the legal profession, which said in 2009 that ID numbers should be fully disclosed. Don’t pay heed to the accountants and corporate governance experts who warn that access to such information is vital. And don’t worry about the investors who say Hong Kong’s public registries have helped bring transparency and accountability to official and corporate dealings.

Just take the word of the government’s own advisory committee for it. Restricting access to ID numbers “may deprive the public of a means of uniquely identifying individuals, and might make it easier for the dishonest to escape creditors, or otherwise engage in fraudulent activity,” the standing committee on company law reform said in a 2009 consultation paper. “The option of masking 3 or 4 digits of an identification number would not serve the purpose of identifying a person as there are cases of persons with the same name having similar identity card numbers."

What is the meaning of due diligence?

https://enterslice.com/due-diligence-services

Extract: Due diligence is an investigation process in which one party finds out information about the other party. Due Diligence can be used in any form of process or business transaction. Where are due diligence services used? Due diligence services are used in different fields. However, the following industries frequently use due diligence:

  • Chartered Accountants
  • Lawyers
  • Financial Consultants
  • Investment Banks

Do banks use the process of due diligence? When banks use due diligence, the process is used for identifying potential customers. Such banks ask customers for information such as a passport or other documentation in order to comply with relevant due diligence procedures. This form of due diligence is known as customer due diligence. The process of customer due diligence is used by banks and financial institutions to comply with the anti-money laundering procedures.

Investopedia – What is Corporate Governance?

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporategovernance.asp

Extract: Corporate governance is the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a firm is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of a company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders, senior management executives, customers, suppliers, financiers, the government, and the community. Since corporate governance also provides the framework for attaining a company's objectives, it encompasses practically every sphere of management, from action plans and internal controls to performance measurement and corporate disclosure.

Key Points:

  • Corporate governance is the structure of rules, practices, and processes used to direct and manage a company.
  • A company's board of directors is the primary force influencing corporate governance.
  • Bad corporate governance can cast doubt on a company's operations and its ultimate profitability.
  • Corporate governance entails the areas of environmental awareness, ethical behavior, corporate strategy, compensation, and risk management.
  • The basic principles of corporate governance are accountability, transparency, fairness, and responsibility.

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http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2013/04/blog-post_20.html
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http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2016/04/blog-post_22.html
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2018 4 14

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.com/2018/04/blog-post_14.html

節錄:誇大收入或開支,是常用的洗黑錢手法。犯罪集團會把不見得光的黑錢分拆成很多份,然後動用大量的人頭(可以是欠高利貸的人或與黑幫有關係的小商戶)輸入銀行系統,再繞幾個圈子,透過不同的渠道,匯集至同一個戶口,又或者轉移至海外的離岸戶口。上述的例子,是把合法營商的收入和來歷不明的黑錢混合在一起,變成一盤合法的賬目。

假如我是真的(一)

2010 10 8

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2010/10/blog-post_7584.html
節錄:如何判斷眼前這個來歷不明、背景神秘、說話吞吞吐吐、故弄玄虛的內地人到底是太子黨還是拆白黨,如何避免誤墮色情以及財務陷阱,以免被有組織犯罪集團敲詐勒索、綁架禁錮,是外國名牌大學以及私人銀行開設的富二代暑期班不會傳授的學問。當中有江湖智慧,也有國情教育,由查證對方的身份開始。

假如我是真的(二)

2010 10 20

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2010/10/blog-post.html
節錄:你也許聽過類似的故事:來自香港或者台灣的男人跑到大陸娶老婆,付出禮金、買下房子和舉行過婚禮之後,老婆連同所有值錢的家當失蹤,男人遍尋不獲,跑了好幾個政府部門,才知道老婆的個人資料,原來屬於一個已經死去數年的女人。至於房子,當然是已經被出售,賣樓收益被轉移。換言之,早有預謀。而進行婚姻登記手續的時候,也有官員失職或者受賄。

姓甚名誰(一)

2010 11 2

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2010/11/blog-post.html
節錄:從境外生意人的角度看,替內地人「起底」(進行背景審查),是希望查證對方是否具備他或她所聲稱擁有的權力、影響力、人脈關係和財政實力,這些東西,不容易量化,但是對於一個投資項目的成敗,可以起關鍵作用(能否拿到必須的審批和資金)。傳統東方父權社會中,這些東西沿父系血脈傳承,但是內地人的命名習慣,往往切斷了孩子跟父系家族的連繫,令調查工作倍添難度。

姓甚名誰(二)

2010 11 12

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2010/11/blog-post_12.html
節錄:內地人一旦有機會離開中國大陸,移居海外(香港、澳門、新加坡或者西方國家),通常都會第一時間改名,改掉容易被辨認出是大陸人身份的中英文名字。他們相信,此舉可以避免被歧視,有助開展新生活。香港的律師都說,近年來自內地人的改名生意顯著上升。比較常見的,是把兩個字的中文姓名改成三個字,又或者把採用漢語拼音 (pinyin) 的英文名字改成廣東話拼音。以下幾種情況,是常見的做法。

跨國商業調查公司

2010 11 21

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2010/11/blog-post_21.html
節錄:香港的跨國商業調查公司,其管理層通常是香港的前高級警務人員,又或者是前外國特工。當中有出身香港警隊商業罪案調查科 (Commercial Crime Bureau, CCB) 或者刑事情報科 (Criminal Intelligence Bureau, CIB) 的英國佬,也有出身於西方國家情報機關的前外國特工(例如:MI5, MI6, CIA, FBI)。此外,也有擅長情報工作的日本忍者,其中一間跨國商業調查公司的香港區調查組主管便是日本人,他是一位前記者。

No more panda hugger

2019 9 13

https://xiaoshousha.blogspot.com/2019/09/no-more-panda-hugger.html
節錄:但是洋人不笨,當他們看見一國兩制不過是謊言,香港的權力體制和遊戲規則開始向中國靠攏(證據:國泰航空高層辭職的消息由大陸官媒首先發佈),警察的質素下降至第三世界的水平,會分階段撤退的。沒有外資的香港,會淪為另一個中國城市,股市變唐人街中餐館,就是這樣。對於不懂得玩平衡,只懂得趕盡殺絕的中國共產黨來說,是自作孽或自取其咎。

自報家門(二)

2009 7 17

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2009/07/blog-post_17.html
節錄:傳媒的版面或者時段於是變成廣告欄,又或者利益輸送和交換的渠道。不少「自報家門」式的個人專訪,都是答謝廣告客戶的「豬頭骨」(廣東話:贈品),又或者是大老闆介入政治活動之後的副產品(為某人抬轎或者拆橋)。既然讀者或者觀眾所餘無幾(年青一輩習慣長時間上網,對傳統媒體根本沒有興趣),更無須考慮他們的口味。換言之,傳媒老闆的心態跟 TVB 的高層差不多。

自報家門(三)

2009 7 24

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2009/07/blog-post_24.html
節錄:不管是「自報家門」式的個人專訪,還是八卦雜誌針對個別人士進行的「起底」報告,其實是提供了一種廉價以及低層次的「盡職審查」(Due Diligence) 或者「信貸分析」 (Credit Analysis) 服務,為繁忙的中環友提供參考資料以及社交場合的話題,並非單純「八卦」那麼簡單。等到謠言變成事實,化成數字在公司的業績報告中出現,就已經太遲。就算你明知道是半真半假,又或者是當事人的仇家放料,你也不可能不讀吧?最低限度也要瞄一瞄雜誌的封面標題,對不對?

被訪者須知

2015 5 1

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2015/05/blog-post.html
節錄:除非訪問的目的是把(待售的)生意放盤,而對方又是來自財經版的記者,否則盡量不要牽涉數字、金額、日期。沒有數字,不容易查証真偽,讀者也搞不清事情發生的先後次序,也許內容散漫不夠集中,缺乏主題或主線,但是你會有足夠的空間,去改寫自己的故事,然後提供一個最符合個人利益的版本,請參考黑澤明 (1910-1998) 電影<羅生門>。

成功之道

2012 2 10

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2012/02/blog-post.html
節錄:如果你不加思索,便盲目依從這些潛規則,可能會令自己身陷險境,無法抽身,死無全屍。那些讀完 Rich Dad, Poor Dad(富爸爸.窮爸爸)之後,相信讀書打工無用,於是借錢借到盡,然後辭工,用別人的錢全職炒股炒樓,最後損手爛腳、破產收場、燒炭自殺的香港人,便是好例子。

光棍姻緣(一) 

2008 9 1

http://xiaoshousha.blogspot.hk/2008/09/blog-post.html
節錄:明明公司的業務已經走下坡,股價長期低殘,但是老闆依然帶著知名度甚高的女藝人出入娛樂場所,招搖過市,夜夜笙歌。聰明的銀行家,見狀都懂得第一時間上門追數,同時大幅削減甚至取消企業和老闆本人的信貸限額。因為他們都知道,這是一種桃色煙幕。

14/04/2021

 

 

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