插圖來源：
說明：被黑手黨暗殺的意大利法官 Giovanni Falcone (1939-1992)。
（前言：不是陶傑的口頭禪，而是反洗錢 (AML, Anti-Money Laundering) 法規的指導思想。以下文章轉發自 LinkedIn，作者 Pietro Odorisio 是金融罪案專家，講述意大利法官 Giovanni Falcone 的貢獻。Giovanni Falcone 被黑手黨用炸彈暗殺，但是他的理念及開創的調查手法成為反洗錢 (AML) 法規的指導思想。肉身粉碎，精神長存，繼續跟惡勢力鬥爭。從事調查報導 (Investigative Journalism) 的外國記者會告訴你，壞人可以透過離岸公司和複雜的股權結構以及利用白手套隱藏身份，Follow the money 绝非易事。）
Follow the money
Pietro Odorisio
May 23, 2025
Today we honor Giovanni Falcone, who was
assassinated in the Capaci bombing.
Falcone changed the fight against the mafia
by teaching us a truth that remains crucial today: the worst criminal acts,
especially those tied to organized crime, are almost always about money.
But not all money is equal.
Dirty
money, kept outside the legal system, has limited value, it can only be used to
fuel more illegal activity. The real goal of criminal organizations is to
launder it, to make it usable in the legitimate economy. That’s when they must
step into the light and that’s where they’re most vulnerable.
Mafia finances are the bridge between the
criminal underworld and the everyday economy. By targeting their assets, we
block this critical connection.
With
the principle of “Follow The Money”, Falcone identified the most fragile point
of organized crime: wealth, assets, and financial flows.
This
approach laid the foundation for today’s anti money laundering laws, which
guide the work of banks, fiduciaries, insurers, and many other regulated
sectors.
The
mafia doesn’t collapse when it loses a man, it collapses when it loses its
money.
May 23rd. Not just remembrance, but a method
延伸閱讀／參考資料：
We shall not forget
The legacy of judge Giovanni Falcone
Posted on 06 Jun 2023
https://globalinitiative.net/announcements/not-forget-legacy-falcone/
Excerpt: On 23 May 1992, the world was
shocked by the brutal assassination of Judge Giovanni Falcone, an Italian
magistrate renowned for his relentless pursuit of justice and his unwavering
commitment to combating mafia-linked organized crime.
Falcone, his wife, Francesca Morvillo, also a magistrate, and three members of their security entourage were travelling from Palermo Airport to the Falcone’s home. A powerful bomb planted by the mafia was detonated in a tunnel under the motorway near Capaci. All five occupants lost their lives in the attack.
Falcone’s assassination was a devastating
blow not only to Italy, but also to the fight against criminal syndicates
worldwide. The murder brought sharply into relief the dangers faced by all
those who challenge powerful criminal networks.
Judge Falcone, along with his associate and
fellow magistrate Paolo Borsellino, led the charge against the Sicilian mafia
during the 1980s and early 1990s. Through their groundbreaking investigations
and prosecutions, they uncovered the inner workings of the Cosa Nostra and
exposed how it had penetrated many layers of society, including politics,
business and law enforcement. Falcone’s most significant achievement came with
the so-called Maxi Trial, a historic legal proceeding between 1986 and 1987.
This trial saw hundreds of Cosa Nostra members and associates brought to
justice, thanks to Falcone’s relentless efforts and innovative strategies. 475
mafiosi were convicted, dealing a severe blow to the operations of Cosa Nostra.
The assassination sent shockwaves through Italy and around the world. However, Falcone’s legacy would not be silenced by his tragic death. His unwavering dedication to justice and his tireless fight against organized crime inspired a new generation of law enforcement officials and citizens determined to continue his work. Falcone’s life and untimely death serve as a powerful reminder of the ongoing struggle against organized crime and the immense courage required to confront it. His legacy lives on, inspiring generations to continue the fight for a society free from the grip of organized crime.
The Story of the Italian Mafia: Giovanni Falcone, the Judge Who Had to
Die
https://telegrafi.com/en/the-story-of-the-italian-mafia-giovanni-falcone-the-judge-who-had-to-die/
Excerpt: On May 23, 1992 in Sicily, Italy;
Italy's most famous anti-mafia judge, Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three
bodyguards are killed by the Corleonesi clan of Cosa Nostra with a half-ton
bomb.
His friend and colleague Paolo Borsellino
would be murdered less than two months later, making 1992 a turning point in
the prosecution of the Italian mafia.
Who was Giovanni Falcone, symbol of the
uncompromising fighter against the mafia?
Giovanni Falcone was born in Palermo on May
18, 1939. After completing the classical Liceu (high school)
"Umberto" he had a short experience at the Naval Academy of Livorno.
He decided to return to his hometown to continue the Faculty of Law, where he
graduated in 1961.
After his internship at the court, in 1964 he
became a first instance judge in Lentini. Later, he was transferred as a deputy
prosecutor to Trapani, where he stayed for about twelve years. In this post,
his tendency towards the criminal field is constantly deepened: as he himself
said, "it was the objective evaluation of the facts that fascinated
me", in contrast to such "confused and Byzantine" mechanisms,
especially pronounced in the field of civil crimes .
The day after the tragic assassination of
judge Cesare Terranova, which took place on September 25, 1979, Falcone started
working in Palermo near the Office of Instruction. Chief Inspector Rocco
Chinnici entrusts in May 1980 the investigations against Rosario Spatola, a
process that also investigated American criminality, and which had prosecutor
Gaetano Costa, killed the following June, prevented by some of his deputies, at
the moment when was signing a large number of arrest warrants.
It is in this first experience that Giovanni
Falcone learns that if he is to investigate crimes and the activities of mafia
structures, he must also investigate real assets and those deposited in banks
(even across the ocean), and that - above all - he must create a holistic
framework, an organic vision of connections, the absence of which in the past
had brought a "chain of innocence".
How anti-mafia prosecutor Giovanni Falcone
was killed
Falcone was killed together with his wife
Francesca Morvillo (also a prosecutor) and three policemen: Rocco di Cillo,
Antonio Montinaro, Vito Schifani in Capaci, on the highway that connects Palermo
International Airport with the city of Palermo, on May 23, 1992. The car with
which they were traveling in was thrown into the air by a bomb, which contained
350 kg of explosives placed in a deep dug-out on the sides of the road. When
they passed over the bomb, Falcone was driving his car at a speed of 160 km/h.
The murder was organized by Salvatore Riina
as revenge for the convictions of hundreds of gangsters that Falcone had signed
during the "Great Tracks". Among the strictest anti-mafia measures following
the murder of Falcone and Borsellino, was the arrest of Riina, who is still
serving a death sentence for sanctioning the murder of two prosecutors, along
with many other serious crimes. Another mobster convicted of Falcone's murder
is Giovanni Brusca, one of Riina's companions, who testified that he was the
person who detonated the explosives.
Palermo Airport is also known as
"Falcone-Borsellino Airport" in honor of Giovanni Falcone and Paolo
Borsellino. There is also a memorial by a local sculptor, Tommaso Geraci.
（推介原因：這篇文章詳述意大利法官 Giovanni Falcone 的職業生涯，有提及其他被黑手黨暗殺的執法人員，當中有 Giovanni Falcone 的同僚兼戰友 Paolo Borsellino。）
维基百科：Giovanni Falcone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Falcone
Born 18 May 1939
Palermo,
Italy
Died 23
May 1992 (aged 53)
Capaci,
Italy
Cause of
death Assassinated by the Sicilian Mafia
Nationality Italian
Alma
mater University of Palermo
Occupation Magistrate
Known for Investigations into the Mafia
Spouse Francesca Morvillo (m. 1986)
Excerpt: Giovanni Falcone (Italian: [dʒoˈvanni
falˈkoːne]; 18 May 1939 – 23 May 1992) was an Italian judge and prosecuting
magistrate. From his office in the Palace of Justice in Palermo, Sicily, he
spent most of his professional life trying to overthrow the power of the
Sicilian Mafia. After a long and distinguished career, culminating in the Maxi
Trial in 1986–1987, on 23 May 1992, Falcone was assassinated by the Corleonesi
Mafia in the Capaci bombing, on the A29 motorway near the town of Capaci.
His life parallels that of his close friend
Paolo Borsellino. They both spent their early years in the same neighbourhood in Palermo.
Though many of their childhood friends grew up in an environment in which the
Mafia had a strong presence, both men fought against organised crime as
prosecuting magistrates. They were both killed in 1992, a few weeks apart. In
recognition of their tireless effort and sacrifice during the anti-mafia
trials, they were both awarded the Gold Medal for Civil Valor and were
acknowledged as martyrs of the Catholic Church. They were also named as heroes
of the last 60 years in the 13 November 2006 issue of Time.
First trial against the Mafia
In early 1980, Falcone joined the ‘Office of
Instruction’ (Ufficio istruzione), the investigative branch of the Prosecution
Office of Palermo. He started to work at a particularly tense moment. Judge
Cesare Terranova, a former parliamentary deputy and Antimafia reformer who had
been the main prosecutor of the Mafia in the 1960s, was to have headed this
office, but he was killed on 25 September 1979. Only two months earlier, on 21
July 1979, Boris Giuliano had been assassinated; he headed the police
investigation squad investigating heroin trafficking by the Mafia headed by
Rosario Spatola and Salvatore Inzerillo. Taking Terranova's place was Rocco
Chinnici, who was murdered by the Mafia in July 1983.
On 5 May 1980, Giuliano's successor in
investigating the heroin network, Carabinieri captain Emanuele Basile, was
killed. The next day, the prosecuting judge Gaetano Costa signed 55 arrest
warrants against the heroin-trafficking network of the
Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino clan. From Sicily, heroin was moved to the Gambino
crime family in New York, who were related to the Inzerillos. Chinnici
appointed Falcone to investigate the case, one of the biggest Antimafia operations
in more than a decade. Costa signed the indictments after virtually all of the
other prosecutors in his office had declined to do so – a fact that leaked out
of the office and eventually cost him his life: he was murdered on 6 August
1980, on the orders of Inzerillo. Falcone was given bodyguards the next day.
In
this tense atmosphere, Falcone introduced an innovative investigative technique
in the Spatola investigation, seizing bank records to follow "the money
trail" created by heroin deals to build his case, applying the skills he
had learned unravelling bankruptcies. He was probably among the first Sicilian
magistrates to establish working relationships with colleagues from other
countries, thus developing an early understanding of the global dimensions of
heroin trafficking, while enhancing the meagre investigative resources of his
office. A colleague was astonished to discover that Falcone, who had no
computers at his disposal, was personally recording the details listed on
printouts of transactions that he had requisitioned from every bank in Palermo
province.
He learned that the chemists of the French
Connection had moved clandestine labs for refining heroin from Marseille to
Sicily. At the end of 1980, he visited the United States and started to work
with the U.S. Justice Department, resulting in "some of the biggest
international law enforcement operations in history", such as the Pizza
Connection. The inquiries extended to Turkey, an important stopover on the
route of morphine base; to Switzerland, where bank secrecy laws facilitated
money laundering; and to Naples, where cigarette smuggling rings were being
reconfigured as heroin operations. At the end of 1981, Falcone finalised the
Spatola case for trial, which enabled the prosecution to win 74 convictions,
based on Falcone's "web of solid evidence, bank and travel records, seized
heroin shipments, fingerprint and handwriting analyses, wiretapped
conversations and firsthand testimony" that proved that "Sicily had
replaced France as the principal gateway for refining and exporting heroin to
the United States".
Death
Robert Mueller presents Maria Falcone with a
smaller version of a plaque that honours the life of her brother and will hang
in the newly dedicated Giovanni Falcone Gallery at FBI Headquarters.
A monument in commemoration of Falcone in
Peschiera del Garda, representing the mangled car in which he was assassinated
by the Mafia.
The Maxi trial sentences being upheld by the
Supreme Court were a blow to the Mafia's prestige. The council of top bosses
headed by Riina reacted by ordering the assassination of Salvatore Lima (on the
grounds that he was an ally of Giulio Andreotti), and Falcone. Lima was shot
dead on 12 March 1992.
Giovanni Brusca was tasked with killing
Falcone. Riina wanted the murder carried out in Sicily in a demonstration of
Mafia power; he instructed that the attack should be on Highway A29, which
Falcone had to use to get from the airport to his home on his weekly visits.
Four hundred kilograms (881 lbs.) of explosives were placed in a culvert under
the highway between Palermo International Airport and the city of Palermo, near
the town of Capaci. Brusca's men carried out test drives, using flashbulbs to simulate
detonating the blast on a speeding car, and a concrete structure was specially
created and destroyed in an experimental explosion to see if the bomb would be
powerful enough. Leoluca Bagarella assisted at the scene during preparations.
Brusca detonated the device by remote control
from a small outbuilding on a hill to the right of the highway on 23 May
1992. Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and police officers Rocco
Dicillo, Antonio Montinaro and Vito Schifani were killed in the blast. The
explosion was so powerful that it registered on local earthquake monitors.
Riina reportedly threw a party, toasting Falcone's death with champagne,
according to the pentito Salvatore Cancemi.
Thousands gathered at the Church of Saint
Dominic for the funerals which were broadcast live on national TV. All regular
television programs were suspended. Parliament declared a day of mourning. His
colleague Paolo Borsellino was killed in another bombing 57 days later,
along with five police officers: Agostino Catalano, Walter Cosina, Emanuela
Loi, Vincenzo Li Muli, and Claudio Traina.
In the major crackdown against the Mafia
following Falcone and Borsellino's deaths, Riina was arrested on 15 January
1993, and was serving a life sentence, until his death in 2017, for sanctioning
the murders of both magistrates as well as many other crimes. Brusca, also
known as lo scannacristiani (the people slaughterer), was convicted of
Falcone's murder. He was one of Riina's associates and admitted to detonating
the explosives. Dozens of mafiosi were sentenced to life imprisonment for their
involvement in Falcone's murder.
Reports in May 2019 indicated that a Cosa
Nostra insider revealed that John Gotti of the Gambino crime family had sent
one of their explosives experts to Sicily to work with the Corleonesi Mafia
clan to help plan the bombing that would kill Falcone.
Legacy
Palermo International Airport has been named
Falcone-Borsellino Airport in honour of the two judges and hosts a memorial of
the pair by the local sculptor Tommaso Geraci. Monuments commemorating Falcone
and the other victims of the Capaci bombing were placed around Italy, including
in Peschiera del Garda. Falcone was posthumously awarded the Train Foundation's
Civil Courage Prize, which recognises "extraordinary heroes of
conscience". A monument to Falcone stands also at the FBI's National
Academy in Virginia to honour his contributions to the "Pizza
Connection" case.
In popular culture
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Giovanni Falcone (1993), starring Michele
Placido as Falcone;
Excellent Cadavers (1999), with Chazz
Palminteri in the role of Falcone;
Il Capo dei Capi (2007), with Andrea Tidona
in the role of Falcone;
Vi perdono ma inginocchiatevi, a 2012 TV
movie that tells the story of the men of the escort of Giovanni Falcone;
Era d'estate (2016), starring Massimo
Popolizio in the role of Falcone;
The Traitor (2019), with Fausto Russo Alesi
in the role of Falcone.
（推介原因：意大利法官 Giovanni Falcone 的生平資料。他的故事曾經多次被改編成影視作品。）
Giovanni Falcone
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0126320/plotsummary/?ref_=tt_ov_pl
Summaries
The story of the first ever "anti-mafia
judges pool" established in the '80s at the Palermo Courthouse, in Sicily,
in the '80s, while two mafia families started a 10-year-long war to obtain the
complete control of smuggles. Giovanni Falcone was the most important of
them: he discovered the liaisons between mafia and politicians, working along
with Rocco Chinnici and Paolo Borsellino. Rocco Chinnici was killed by Mafia in
the middle '80s, with a bomb. Giovanni Falcone was killed by mafia in
5/23/1992, with more than 100 kilograms of TNT placed under the highway
between Palermo and the Punta Raisi airport, and he died along with his wife
and three police officers from the VIP Protection Bureau. Paolo Borsellino was
killed by mafia 50 days later, with a bomb-car placed under his mother's house,
and he died along with many police officers from the VIP Protection Bureau.
（推介原因：其中一部以意大利法官 Giovanni Falcone 為題材的影視作品。這段文字提到三位被黑手黨暗殺的法官名字，全部都是被炸彈殺死的。用炸彈暗殺仇家似乎是黑手黨的慣技。）
YouTube 精選：
在 YouTube 上觀看「The Godfather (5/9) Movie CLIP - Michael Loses Apollonia (1972) HD」(2:42 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWAJPB_5rSs
荷里活經典黑幫電影 The Godfather I 的片段。Michael Corleone 在餐廳槍殺警察之後，避居鄉村，結識 Appolonia，和她結婚。然後 Michael 被貼身保鑣出賣，在車上放置炸彈，Appolonia 為了向新婚丈夫炫耀剛學會的駕駛技術跳上司機位，結果成為替死鬼。事件令 Michael 變得冷酷無情，在別無選擇的情況下接掌黑幫家族，成為第二代教父。虛實之間，黑手黨都是用炸彈殺人。
外國人的留言：College-boy Michael died that day to be replaced by the cold, cunning and absolutely ruthless Don Corleone. No wonder Michael loses it. His father is gunned down and almost killed, his brother is murdered and the love of his life is blown up before his very eyes. If Appolonia had lived Michael would have been more like his father and less cold. The sadder part is that in the book, it is revealed that she was 1 month pregnant already...
The Godfather – Orchestral Suite // The Danish National Symphony Orchestra (Live) (12:11 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-jdl9hcCeg&list=RDX-jdl9hcCeg&start_radio=1
經典配樂，外國人用電影中的對白留言。
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